One of the challenges that scientific model developers frequently encounter is the need to combine two or more existing simulation codes to produce a higher-order systems model. Earth scientists often find themselves in this predicament because models for the many natural, interacting processes that operate on many different scales have been developed by a wide variety of researchers. Moreover, there is a strong desire to scale everything up to understand how the entire Earth system works and to be able to make predictions of weather, climate, and natural hazards.

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